Thanks @johan for the clarification, much appreciated. This would be a useful note on the TTN Cluster Picker page https://console.cloud.thethings.network/ to ensure that users in less common locations pick the right cluster. Is the associated cluster part of a gateway’s metadata? If so, e.g. TTN Mapper could show, that would also help.
Looking at my gateway data, is there anything that confirms that received uplink messages are forwarded to the network server? Is that the meaning of the packetbroker/cluster events?
The first message is from my end node, the second one from an unknown device. Can i conclude from this that the second message is also forwarded correctly (i.e. is also using au1) or is it possible that this message is nam1/eu1 and therefore not reaching its network server via my gateway?