Hi guys,
i’m newbie in LoRaWAN network configuration.
I need to get an end device to communicate with a nanogateway, both are lopy4 boards.
On the TTN server I have registered both the end device and the nanogateway. The nanogateway is correctly registered and online but the end device is not online.
For the authentication of the end device I have chosen the ABP method. If I send packets from the end device, I do not see any packets received in the logs of the nanogateway.
These are the codes used for the nanogateway:
config
#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (c) 2019, Pycom Limited.
#
# This software is licensed under the GNU GPL version 3 or any
# later version, with permitted additional terms. For more information
# see the Pycom Licence v1.0 document supplied with this file, or
# available at https://www.pycom.io/opensource/licensing
#
""" LoPy LoRaWAN Nano Gateway configuration options """
import machine
import ubinascii
WIFI_MAC = ubinascii.hexlify(machine.unique_id()).upper()
# Set the Gateway ID to be the first 3 bytes of MAC address + 'FFFE' + last 3 bytes of MAC address
GATEWAY_ID = WIFI_MAC[:6] + "FFFE" + WIFI_MAC[6:12]
SERVER = 'eu1.cloud.thethings.network'
PORT = 1700
NTP = "pool.ntp.org"
NTP_PERIOD_S = 3600
WIFI_SSID = '*********'
WIFI_PASS = '*******'
# for EU868
LORA_FREQUENCY = 868100000
LORA_GW_DR = "SF7BW125" # DR_5
LORA_NODE_DR = 5
# for US915
# LORA_FREQUENCY = 903900000
# LORA_GW_DR = "SF10BW125" # DR_0
# LORA_NODE_DR = 0
main
""" LoPy LoRaWAN Nano Gateway example usage """
# Acknowledgement:
# Thanks to robert-hh for providing us with an updated, more stable example for the nanogateway
# disable heartbeat
from pycom import heartbeat
heartbeat(False)
print ("Heartbeat off")
import utime
from machine import RTC
rtc = RTC()
rtc.ntp_sync("pool.ntp.org")
utime.sleep_ms(750)
t = rtc.now()
with open("bootlog.txt", "a") as f:
f.write(repr(utime.time()) + " " + repr(t) + "\n")
def reload(mod):
import sys
mod_name = mod.__name__
del sys.modules[mod_name]
return __import__(mod_name)
from machine import reset
""" LoPy LoRaWAN Nano Gateway example usage """
import config
from nanogateway import NanoGateway
if True: #__name__ == '__main__':
nanogw = NanoGateway(
id=config.GATEWAY_ID,
frequency=config.LORA_FREQUENCY,
datarate=config.LORA_GW_DR,
ssid=config.WIFI_SSID,
password=config.WIFI_PASS,
server=config.SERVER,
port=config.PORT,
ntp_server=config.NTP,
ntp_period=config.NTP_PERIOD_S
)
nanogw.start()
#nanogw._log('You may now press ENTER to enter the REPL')
#input()
nanogateway
""" LoPy LoRaWAN Nano Gateway. Can be used for both EU868 and US915. """
import errno
import machine
import ubinascii
import ujson
import uos
import usocket
import utime
import _thread
import gc
from micropython import const
from network import LoRa
from network import WLAN
from machine import Timer
from machine import WDT
PROTOCOL_VERSION = const(2)
PUSH_DATA = const(0)
PUSH_ACK = const(1)
PULL_DATA = const(2)
PULL_ACK = const(4)
PULL_RESP = const(3)
TX_ERR_NONE = 'NONE'
TX_ERR_TOO_LATE = 'TOO_LATE'
TX_ERR_TOO_EARLY = 'TOO_EARLY'
TX_ERR_COLLISION_PACKET = 'COLLISION_PACKET'
TX_ERR_COLLISION_BEACON = 'COLLISION_BEACON'
TX_ERR_TX_FREQ = 'TX_FREQ'
TX_ERR_TX_POWER = 'TX_POWER'
TX_ERR_GPS_UNLOCKED = 'GPS_UNLOCKED'
UDP_THREAD_CYCLE_MS = const(10)
WDT_TIMEOUT = const(120)
STAT_PK = {
'stat': {
'time': '',
'lati': 0,
'long': 0,
'alti': 0,
'rxnb': 0,
'rxok': 0,
'rxfw': 0,
'ackr': 100.0,
'dwnb': 0,
'txnb': 0
}
}
RX_PK = {
'rxpk': [{
'time': '',
'tmst': 0,
'chan': 0,
'rfch': 0,
'freq': 0,
'stat': 1,
'modu': 'LORA',
'datr': '',
'codr': '4/5',
'rssi': 0,
'lsnr': 0,
'size': 0,
'data': ''
}]
}
TX_ACK_PK = {
'txpk_ack': {
'error': ''
}
}
class NanoGateway:
"""
Nano gateway class, set up by default for use with TTN, but can be configured
for any other network supporting the Semtech Packet Forwarder.
Only required configuration is wifi_ssid and wifi_password which are used for
connecting to the Internet.
"""
def __init__(self, id, frequency, datarate, ssid, password, server, port, ntp_server='pool.ntp.org', ntp_period=3600):
self.id = id
self.server = server
self.port = port
self.frequency = frequency
self.datarate = datarate
self.ssid = ssid
self.password = password
self.ntp_server = ntp_server
self.ntp_period = ntp_period
self.server_ip = None
self.rxnb = 0
self.rxok = 0
self.rxfw = 0
self.dwnb = 0
self.txnb = 0
self.sf = self._dr_to_sf(self.datarate)
self.bw = self._dr_to_bw(self.datarate)
self.stat_alarm = None
self.pull_alarm = None
self.uplink_alarm = None
self.wlan = None
self.sock = None
self.udp_stop = False
self.udp_lock = _thread.allocate_lock()
self.lora = None
self.lora_sock = None
self.rtc = machine.RTC()
self.watchdog = WDT(timeout=10000)
def start(self):
"""
Starts the LoRaWAN nano gateway.
"""
self._log('Starting LoRaWAN nano gateway with id: {}', self.id)
# setup WiFi as a station and connect
self.wlan = WLAN(mode=WLAN.STA)
self._connect_to_wifi()
self.watchdog.feed()
# get a time sync
self._log('Syncing time with {} ...', self.ntp_server)
self.rtc.ntp_sync(self.ntp_server, update_period=self.ntp_period)
while not self.rtc.synced():
utime.sleep_ms(50)
self.watchdog.feed()
self._log("RTC NTP sync complete")
self.watchdog.feed()
# get the server IP and create an UDP socket
self.server_ip = usocket.getaddrinfo(self.server, self.port)[0][-1]
self._log('Opening UDP socket to {} ({}) port {}...', self.server, self.server_ip[0], self.server_ip[1])
self.sock = usocket.socket(usocket.AF_INET, usocket.SOCK_DGRAM, usocket.IPPROTO_UDP)
self.sock.setsockopt(usocket.SOL_SOCKET, usocket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
self.sock.setblocking(False)
# push the first time immediatelly
self._push_data(self._make_stat_packet())
# create the alarms
self.stat_alarm = Timer.Alarm(handler=lambda t: self._push_data(self._make_stat_packet()), s=60, periodic=True)
self.pull_alarm = Timer.Alarm(handler=lambda u: self._pull_data(), s=25, periodic=True)
# start the watchdog
self.watchdog.feed()
utime.sleep(1)
self._log("Watchdog started")
# start the UDP receive thread
self.udp_stop = False
_thread.start_new_thread(self._udp_thread, ())
self.watchdog.feed()
# initialize the LoRa radio in LORA mode
self._log('Setting up the LoRa radio at {} Mhz using {}', self._freq_to_float(self.frequency), self.datarate)
self.lora = LoRa(
mode=LoRa.LORA,
region=LoRa.EU868,
frequency=self.frequency,
bandwidth=self.bw,
sf=self.sf,
preamble=8,
coding_rate=LoRa.CODING_4_5,
tx_iq=True
)
# create a raw LoRa socket
self.lora_sock = usocket.socket(usocket.AF_LORA, usocket.SOCK_RAW)
self.lora_sock.setblocking(False)
self.lora_tx_done = False
self.watchdog.feed()
self.lora.callback(trigger=(LoRa.RX_PACKET_EVENT | LoRa.TX_PACKET_EVENT), handler=self._lora_cb)
self.watchdog.feed()
if uos.uname()[0] == "LoPy":
self.window_compensation = -1000
else:
self.window_compensation = -6000
self.watchdog.feed()
self._log('LoRaWAN nano gateway online')
def stop(self):
"""
Stops the LoRaWAN nano gateway.
"""
self._log('Stopping...')
# send the LoRa radio to sleep
self.lora.callback(trigger=None, handler=None)
self.lora.power_mode(LoRa.SLEEP)
# stop the NTP sync
self.rtc.ntp_sync(None)
# cancel all the alarms
self.stat_alarm.cancel()
self.pull_alarm.cancel()
# signal the UDP thread to stop
self.udp_stop = True
while self.udp_stop:
utime.sleep_ms(50)
# disable WLAN
self.wlan.disconnect()
self.wlan.deinit()
def _connect_to_wifi(self):
self.wlan.connect(self.ssid, auth=(None, self.password))
while not self.wlan.isconnected():
utime.sleep_ms(50)
self.watchdog.feed()
self._log('WiFi connected to: {}', self.ssid)
def _dr_to_sf(self, dr):
sf = dr[2:4]
if sf[1] not in '0123456789':
sf = sf[:1]
return int(sf)
def _dr_to_bw(self, dr):
bw = dr[-5:]
if bw == 'BW125':
return LoRa.BW_125KHZ
elif bw == 'BW250':
return LoRa.BW_250KHZ
else:
return LoRa.BW_500KHZ
def _sf_bw_to_dr(self, sf, bw):
dr = 'SF' + str(sf)
if bw == LoRa.BW_125KHZ:
return dr + 'BW125'
elif bw == LoRa.BW_250KHZ:
return dr + 'BW250'
else:
return dr + 'BW500'
def _lora_cb(self, lora):
"""
LoRa radio events callback handler.
"""
events = lora.events()
if events & LoRa.RX_PACKET_EVENT:
self.rxnb += 1
self.rxok += 1
rx_data = self.lora_sock.recv(256)
stats = lora.stats()
packet = self._make_node_packet(rx_data, self.rtc.now(), stats.rx_timestamp, stats.sfrx, self.bw, stats.rssi, stats.snr)
self._push_data(packet)
self._log('Received packet: {}', packet)
self.rxfw += 1
if events & LoRa.TX_PACKET_EVENT:
self.txnb += 1
lora.init(
mode=LoRa.LORA,
region=LoRa.EU868,
frequency=self.frequency,
bandwidth=self.bw,
sf=self.sf,
preamble=8,
coding_rate=LoRa.CODING_4_5,
tx_iq=True
)
def _freq_to_float(self, frequency):
"""
MicroPython has some inprecision when doing large float division.
To counter this, this method first does integer division until we
reach the decimal breaking point. This doesn't completely elimate
the issue in all cases, but it does help for a number of commonly
used frequencies.
"""
divider = 6
while divider > 0 and frequency % 10 == 0:
frequency = frequency // 10
divider -= 1
if divider > 0:
frequency = frequency / (10 ** divider)
return frequency
def _make_stat_packet(self):
now = self.rtc.now()
STAT_PK["stat"]["time"] = "%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d GMT" % (now[0], now[1], now[2], now[3], now[4], now[5])
STAT_PK["stat"]["rxnb"] = self.rxnb
STAT_PK["stat"]["rxok"] = self.rxok
STAT_PK["stat"]["rxfw"] = self.rxfw
STAT_PK["stat"]["dwnb"] = self.dwnb
STAT_PK["stat"]["txnb"] = self.txnb
return ujson.dumps(STAT_PK)
def _make_node_packet(self, rx_data, rx_time, tmst, sf, bw, rssi, snr):
RX_PK["rxpk"][0]["time"] = "%d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%02d.%dZ" % (rx_time[0], rx_time[1], rx_time[2], rx_time[3], rx_time[4], rx_time[5], rx_time[6])
RX_PK["rxpk"][0]["tmst"] = tmst
RX_PK["rxpk"][0]["freq"] = self._freq_to_float(self.frequency)
RX_PK["rxpk"][0]["datr"] = self._sf_bw_to_dr(sf, bw)
RX_PK["rxpk"][0]["rssi"] = rssi
RX_PK["rxpk"][0]["lsnr"] = snr
RX_PK["rxpk"][0]["data"] = ubinascii.b2a_base64(rx_data)[:-1]
RX_PK["rxpk"][0]["size"] = len(rx_data)
return ujson.dumps(RX_PK)
def _push_data(self, data):
token = uos.urandom(2)
packet = bytes([PROTOCOL_VERSION]) + token + bytes([PUSH_DATA]) + ubinascii.unhexlify(self.id) + data
with self.udp_lock:
try:
self.sock.sendto(packet, self.server_ip)
except Exception as ex:
self._log('Failed to push uplink packet to server: {}', ex)
def _pull_data(self):
token = uos.urandom(2)
packet = bytes([PROTOCOL_VERSION]) + token + bytes([PULL_DATA]) + ubinascii.unhexlify(self.id)
with self.udp_lock:
try:
self.sock.sendto(packet, self.server_ip)
except Exception as ex:
self._log('Failed to pull downlink packets from server: {}', ex)
def _ack_pull_rsp(self, token, error):
TX_ACK_PK["txpk_ack"]["error"] = error
resp = ujson.dumps(TX_ACK_PK)
packet = bytes([PROTOCOL_VERSION]) + token + bytes([PULL_ACK]) + ubinascii.unhexlify(self.id) + resp
with self.udp_lock:
try:
self.sock.sendto(packet, self.server_ip)
except Exception as ex:
self._log('PULL RSP ACK exception: {}', ex)
def _send_down_link(self, data, tmst, datarate, frequency):
"""
Transmits a downlink message over LoRa.
"""
self.lora.init(
mode=LoRa.LORA,
region=LoRa.EU868,
frequency=frequency,
bandwidth=self._dr_to_bw(datarate),
sf=self._dr_to_sf(datarate),
preamble=8,
coding_rate=LoRa.CODING_4_5,
tx_iq=True
)
while utime.ticks_diff(utime.ticks_cpu(), tmst) > 0:
pass
self.lora_sock.settimeout(1)
self.lora_sock.send(data)
self.lora_sock.setblocking(False)
self._log(
'Sent downlink packet scheduled on {:.3f}, at {:,d} Hz using {}: {}',
tmst / 1000000,
frequency,
datarate,
data
)
def _udp_thread(self):
"""
UDP thread, reads data from the server and handles it.
"""
while not self.udp_stop:
gc.collect()
try:
data, src = self.sock.recvfrom(1024)
_token = data[1:3]
_type = data[3]
if _type == PUSH_ACK:
self._log("Push ack")
elif _type == PULL_ACK:
self._log("Pull ack")
elif _type == PULL_RESP:
self.dwnb += 1
ack_error = TX_ERR_NONE
tx_pk = ujson.loads(data[4:])
payload = ubinascii.a2b_base64(tx_pk["txpk"]["data"])
# depending on the board, pull the downlink message 1 or 6 ms upfronnt
tmst = utime.ticks_add(tx_pk["txpk"]["tmst"], self.window_compensation)
t_us = utime.ticks_diff(utime.ticks_cpu(), utime.ticks_add(tmst, -15000))
#if 1000 < t_us < 10000000:
if -10000000 < t_us < 10000000000:
self.uplink_alarm = Timer.Alarm(
handler=lambda x: self._send_down_link(
payload,
tmst, tx_pk["txpk"]["datr"],
int(tx_pk["txpk"]["freq"] * 1000 + 0.0005) * 1000
),
us=t_us
)
else:
ack_error = TX_ERR_TOO_LATE
self._log('Downlink timestamp error!, t_us: {}', t_us)
self._ack_pull_rsp(_token, ack_error)
self._log("Pull rsp")
except usocket.timeout:
pass
except OSError as ex:
if ex.args[0] != errno.EAGAIN:
self._log('UDP recv OSError Exception: {}', ex)
except Exception as ex:
self._log('UDP recv Exception: {}', ex)
self.watchdog.feed()
# self._log("Feeding the dog")
# wait before trying to receive again
utime.sleep_ms(UDP_THREAD_CYCLE_MS)
# we are to close the socket
self.sock.close()
self.udp_stop = False
self._log('UDP thread stopped')
def _log(self, message, *args):
"""
Outputs a log message to stdout.
"""
print('[{:>10.3f}] {}'.format(
utime.ticks_ms() / 1000,
str(message).format(*args)
))
Instead for the final device the codes are these:
config
#configuration
from network import LoRa
#application-level device identifier
DEVICE_ID = 'eui-70b3d57ed0050435'
# authentication credentials (specific for each device, generated by LoRa backend)
# LORA_CRED_ABP = ('01e1a5f3', 'f71c36d3499d4962f8966b4d7abe271f', '7f9d74a6966264fbf6e7d13ec0e70509')
LORA_CRED_ABP = ('260B74BE', 'B6157C8F59EE1E7399ED47C5A9339587', 'C5DEE7DB15730B9606036B3F91A31B59')
# initialized (hard-coded) sampling/sending interval (will be modified and adapted by the synchronization mechanism)
INTERVAL_PRE = 120000 # (milliseconds)
# led activation (for testing only)
LED_ON = True
### It is suggested to not modify the following configurations
# authentication method
# ABP (Authentication By Personalization) suggested.
# ABP = False enables OTA (Over The Air authentication)
ABP = True
# For OTA specific OTA-credentials must be used
#LORA_CRED_OTAA = ubinascii.unhexlify('fe22989049d5b370','0000000000000000', '4b8b613f97a82b602f98a03ef8b07c3b')
# LoRa payload format
# (2 Bytes for device ID, 8 float numbers: temp humid ph1 ph2 ph3 volt1 volt2 volt3)
LORA_PKG_FORMAT = "!Hffffffff"
# waiting time (for receive windows to expire)
WAITING_SLEEP = 8 #seconds
# LoRa PHY settings
LORA_FREQUENCY = 868100000
LORA_NODE_DR = 0 # LoRa datarate DR=0 sets SF = 12, DR=5 sets SF = 7 (DR=0 suggested for maximum range)
LORA_DEVICE_CLASS = LoRa.CLASS_C
LORA_REGION = LoRa.EU868 # LORAWAN region (Europe)
# alternatives:
# Asia = LoRa.AS923
# Australia = LoRa.AU915
# United States = LoRa.US915
loranet
#!/usr/bin/env python
import config
from network import LoRa
import socket
import binascii
import struct
import time
import _thread
import pycom
import time
class LoraNet:
def __init__(self, sleep_time, check_rx, frequency, dr, region, activation, device_class=LoRa.CLASS_C, auth = None):
self.sleep_time = sleep_time
self.check_rx = check_rx
self.frequency = frequency
self.dr = dr
self.region = region
self.device_class = device_class
self.activation = activation
self.auth = auth
self.sock = None
self._exit = False
self.s_lock = _thread.allocate_lock()
self.lora = LoRa(mode=LoRa.LORAWAN, region = self.region, device_class = self.device_class)
self._process_ota_msg = None
def stop(self):
self._exit = True
def init(self, process_msg_callback):
self._process_ota_msg = process_msg_callback
def read_sleep_time(self):
return self.sleep_time
def read_check_rx(self):
return self.check_rx
def receive_callback(self, lora):
#callback on reception ack-sync
events = lora.events()
if events & LoRa.RX_PACKET_EVENT:
rx, port = self.sock.recvfrom(256)
#decode received meassage and extract sleep time
rx_data = rx.decode()
rx_sleep_time = int(rx_data.split(',')[1].split('.')[0])
print('Ack/sync received. Decoded received sleep time', rx_sleep_time)
self.sleep_time = rx_sleep_time
self.check_rx = True
if config.LED_ON:
#toggle blue led, message received
pycom.rgbled(0x0000FF) #blue
print('Received, blue led on')
def connect(self):
if self.activation != LoRa.OTAA and self.activation != LoRa.ABP:
raise ValueError("Invalid Lora activation method")
if len(self.auth) < 3:
raise ValueError("Invalid authentication parameters")
self.lora.callback(trigger=LoRa.RX_PACKET_EVENT, handler=self.receive_callback)
if self.activation == LoRa.OTAA:
# set the 3 default channels to the same frequency
self.lora.add_channel(0, frequency=self.frequency, dr_min=0, dr_max=5)
self.lora.add_channel(1, frequency=self.frequency, dr_min=0, dr_max=5)
self.lora.add_channel(2, frequency=self.frequency, dr_min=0, dr_max=5)
else:
# set the 3 default channels as per LoRaWAN specification
self.lora.add_channel(0, frequency=868100000, dr_min=0, dr_max=5)
self.lora.add_channel(1, frequency=868300000, dr_min=0, dr_max=5)
self.lora.add_channel(2, frequency=868500000, dr_min=0, dr_max=5)
# remove all the non-default channels
for i in range(3, 16):
self.lora.remove_channel(i)
# authenticate with abp or ota
if self.activation == LoRa.OTAA:
self._authenticate_otaa(self.auth)
else:
self._authenticate_abp(self.auth)
# create socket to server
self._create_socket()
def _authenticate_otaa(self, auth_params):
# create an OTAA authentication params
self.dev_eui = binascii.unhexlify(auth_params[0])
self.app_eui = binascii.unhexlify(auth_params[1])
self.app_key = binascii.unhexlify(auth_params[2])
self.lora.join(activation=LoRa.OTAA, auth=(self.dev_eui, self.app_eui, self.app_key), timeout=0, dr=self.dr)
while not self.lora.has_joined():
time.sleep(2.5)
print('Not joined yet...')
def has_joined(self):
return self.lora.has_joined()
def _authenticate_abp(self, auth_params):
# create an ABP authentication params
self.dev_addr = struct.unpack(">l", binascii.unhexlify(auth_params[0]))[0]
self.nwk_swkey = binascii.unhexlify(auth_params[1])
self.app_swkey = binascii.unhexlify(auth_params[2])
self.lora.join(activation=LoRa.ABP, auth=(self.dev_addr, self.nwk_swkey, self.app_swkey))
def _create_socket(self):
# create a LoRa socket
self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_LORA, socket.SOCK_RAW)
# set the LoRaWAN data rate
self.sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_LORA, socket.SO_DR, self.dr)
# make the socket non blocking
self.sock.setblocking(False)
def send(self, packet):
with self.s_lock:
#self.lora.nvram_restore()
self.sock.send(packet)
#self.lora.nvram_save()
print('Sent data', packet)
if config.LED_ON:
# green led toggle on message sent
pycom.rgbled(0x00FF00) #green
print('Sent data, green led on')
main
#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (c) 2019, Pycom Limited.
#
# This software is licensed under the GNU GPL version 3 or any
# later version, with permitted additional terms. For more information
# see the Pycom Licence v1.0 document supplied with this file, or
# available at https://www.pycom.io/opensource/licensing
#
from network import LoRa
import socket
import binascii
import struct
import time
import config
# initialize LoRa in LORAWAN mode.
# Please pick the region that matches where you are using the device:
# Asia = LoRa.AS923
# Australia = LoRa.AU915
# Europe = LoRa.EU868
# United States = LoRa.US915
lora = LoRa(mode=LoRa.LORAWAN, region=LoRa.EU868)
# create an ABP authentication params
dev_addr = struct.unpack(">l", binascii.unhexlify('260B74BE'))[0]
nwk_swkey = binascii.unhexlify('B6157C8F59EE1E7399ED47C5A9339587')
app_swkey = binascii.unhexlify('C5DEE7DB15730B9606036B3F91A31B59')
# remove all the non-default channels
for i in range(3, 16):
lora.remove_channel(i)
# set the 3 default channels to the same frequency
lora.add_channel(0, frequency=config.LORA_FREQUENCY, dr_min=0, dr_max=5)
lora.add_channel(1, frequency=config.LORA_FREQUENCY, dr_min=0, dr_max=5)
lora.add_channel(2, frequency=config.LORA_FREQUENCY, dr_min=0, dr_max=5)
# join a network using ABP (Activation By Personalization)
lora.join(activation=LoRa.ABP, auth=(dev_addr, nwk_swkey, app_swkey))
# create a LoRa socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_LORA, socket.SOCK_RAW)
# set the LoRaWAN data rate
s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_LORA, socket.SO_DR, config.LORA_NODE_DR)
# make the socket non-blocking
s.setblocking(False)
for i in range (200):
pkt = b'PKT #' + bytes([i])
print('Sending:', pkt)
s.send(pkt)
time.sleep(4)
rx, port = s.recvfrom(256)
if rx:
print('Received: {}, on port: {}'.format(rx, port))
time.sleep(6)
Can you help me understand if the problem is the code on the boards or the configuration of the nanogateway and end device on the TTN server ?
use forum search to see that this is regularly discussed.
For the ‘how’ we would refer you to Chirpstack’s forum - as this forum is dedicated to TTN