How does Listen-Before-Talk work with long-range radio?

Some regions require LBT, Listen-Before-Talk. But with long-range radio, I wonder how a device knows what threshold it should use to decide if an ongoing transmission needs to be respected.

Like: if LoRa/LoRaWAN becomes popular, a device will often detect transmissions from other devices. But given the long-range nature of LoRa, those transmissions might originate from distant areas that are covered by other gateways, regardless the simultaneous transmissions of distant devices in other areas? I’d assume that such situations could safely be ignored for LBT. However, devices do not know anything about the density (number of gateways) of the network.

Maybe this relies on ADR, which might have configured the device to use an optimal data rate and transmission power, which might then make it understand what threshold to respect for LBT? Or maybe a device adapts its threshold when it cannot find an opportunity to transmit?

…and if you on a satellite hearing '000,000’s of nodes over '000’s of Km2 God help you! :grin:

:thinking: does satellite behaviour have to change as it passes over territories demanding LBT implementation? :sunglasses: :see_no_evil:

That would be one of the problems for ISM band devices in space, they would also need GPSs or similar navigation to determine which ISM band to use.

Thus its highly unlikely ISM band operation from space would be permitted.

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