Hi,
I’m testing LoRa node range and RSSI with arduino UNO R3 and NiceRF LoRa V2.0 SX1276 915MHz.
I’ve tried to change many antenna such as
- spring antenna 2.15 dBi gain
- 6 cm antenna 2 dBi gain
- 15 cm antenna 3 dBi gain
- 26 cm antenna 3.5 dBi gain
and the result is make sense, the better and bigger antenna the better range and RSSI.
Now I want to increase its range and RSSI with coding.
So I want to know Is there any “increase antenna gain” on arduino sketch?
P.S. I’m using “ttn-abp” sketch from “ARDUINO IDM LMIC” framework library.
and here is my sketch
/*******************************************************************************
* Copyright (c) 2015 Thomas Telkamp and Matthijs Kooijman
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to anyone
* obtaining a copy of this document and accompanying files,
* to do whatever they want with them without any restriction,
* including, but not limited to, copying, modification and redistribution.
* NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND IS PROVIDED.
*
* This example sends a valid LoRaWAN packet with payload "Hello,
* world!", using frequency and encryption settings matching those of
* the The Things Network.
*
* This uses ABP (Activation-by-personalisation), where a DevAddr and
* Session keys are preconfigured (unlike OTAA, where a DevEUI and
* application key is configured, while the DevAddr and session keys are
* assigned/generated in the over-the-air-activation procedure).
*
* Note: LoRaWAN per sub-band duty-cycle limitation is enforced (1% in
* g1, 0.1% in g2), but not the TTN fair usage policy (which is probably
* violated by this sketch when left running for longer)!
*
* To use this sketch, first register your application and device with
* the things network, to set or generate a DevAddr, NwkSKey and
* AppSKey. Each device should have their own unique values for these
* fields.
*
* Do not forget to define the radio type correctly in config.h.
*
*******************************************************************************/
#include <lmic.h>
#include <hal/hal.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <stdio.h>
//GPS
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include <TinyGPS.h>
SoftwareSerial mySerial(8, 9);
// Module -> Arduino
// TX -> Pin 8
// RX -> Pin 9
TinyGPS gps;
void gpsdump(TinyGPS &gps);
void printFloat(double f, int digits = 2);
//GPS
// Count for interval losing
int count = 0;
// LoRaWAN NwkSKey, network session key
// This is the default Semtech key, which is used by the early prototype TTN
// network.
//c30464d6e404847c6b2bdcdfeee3e44a
static const PROGMEM u1_t NWKSKEY[16] = { };
// LoRaWAN AppSKey, application session key
// This is the default Semtech key, which is used by the early prototype TTN
// network.
//6a997e1488064d3028579ea77942c623
static const u1_t PROGMEM APPSKEY[16] = { };
// LoRaWAN end-device address (DevAddr)
//07ffa7f7
static const u4_t DEVADDR = ;
// These callbacks are only used in over-the-air activation, so they are
// left empty here (we cannot leave them out completely unless
// DISABLE_JOIN is set in config.h, othe rwise the linker will complain).
void os_getArtEui (u1_t* buf) { }
void os_getDevEui (u1_t* buf) { }
void os_getDevKey (u1_t* buf) { }
// assign mydata size
static uint8_t mydata[48];
static osjob_t sendjob;
// Schedule TX every this many seconds (might become longer due to duty
// cycle limitations).
const unsigned TX_INTERVAL = 1;
// Pin mapping
const lmic_pinmap lmic_pins = {
.nss = 10,
.rxtx = LMIC_UNUSED_PIN,
.rst = 5,
.dio = {2, 3, LMIC_UNUSED_PIN},
};
void onEvent (ev_t ev)
{
Serial.print(os_getTime());
Serial.print(": ");
switch(ev) {
case EV_SCAN_TIMEOUT:
Serial.println(F("EV_SCAN_TIMEOUT"));
break;
case EV_BEACON_FOUND:
Serial.println(F("EV_BEACON_FOUND"));
break;
case EV_BEACON_MISSED:
Serial.println(F("EV_BEACON_MISSED"));
break;
case EV_BEACON_TRACKED:
Serial.println(F("EV_BEACON_TRACKED"));
break;
case EV_JOINING:
Serial.println(F("EV_JOINING"));
break;
case EV_JOINED:
Serial.println(F("EV_JOINED"));
break;
case EV_RFU1:
Serial.println(F("EV_RFU1"));
break;
case EV_JOIN_FAILED:
Serial.println(F("EV_JOIN_FAILED"));
break;
case EV_REJOIN_FAILED:
Serial.println(F("EV_REJOIN_FAILED"));
break;
case EV_TXCOMPLETE:
Serial.println(F("EV_TXCOMPLETE (includes waiting for RX windows)"));
if (LMIC.txrxFlags & TXRX_ACK)
Serial.println(F("Received ack"));
if (LMIC.dataLen) {
Serial.println(F("Received "));
Serial.println(LMIC.dataLen);
Serial.println(F(" bytes of payload"));
}
// Schedule next transmission
os_setTimedCallback(&sendjob, os_getTime()+sec2osticks(TX_INTERVAL), do_send);
break;
case EV_LOST_TSYNC:
Serial.println(F("EV_LOST_TSYNC"));
break;
case EV_RESET:
Serial.println(F("EV_RESET"));
break;
case EV_RXCOMPLETE:
// data received in ping slot
Serial.println(F("EV_RXCOMPLETE"));
break;
case EV_LINK_DEAD:
Serial.println(F("EV_LINK_DEAD"));
break;
case EV_LINK_ALIVE:
Serial.println(F("EV_LINK_ALIVE"));
break;
default:
Serial.println(F("Unknown event"));
break;
}
}
void do_send(osjob_t* j)
{
// Check if there is not a current TX/RX job running
if (LMIC.opmode & OP_TXRXPEND)
{
Serial.println(F("OP_TXRXPEND, not sending"));
}
else
{
// GPS
bool newdata = false;
unsigned long start = millis();
while (millis() - start < 5000)
{
if (mySerial.available())
{
char c = mySerial.read();
if (gps.encode(c))
{
newdata = true;
break;
}
}
}
// get Lat/Long
char tmp_string[64] = "GPS:";
if (newdata)
{
long lat, lon;
float flat, flon;
unsigned long age, date, time, chars;
unsigned short sentences, failed;
char tmp_char1[15];
char tmp_char2[15];
gps.f_get_position(&flat, &flon, &age);
//Convert float to char*
dtostrf(flat, 6, 6, tmp_char1);
dtostrf(flon, 6, 6, tmp_char2);
strcat(tmp_string, tmp_char1);
strcat(tmp_string, ",");
strcat(tmp_string, tmp_char2);
}
else
{
Serial.println("Cannot receive any GPS data.");
}
// GPS
// count
count++;
char tmp_char3[3];
itoa (count,tmp_char3,10);
strcat(tmp_string, "|Count:");
strcat(tmp_string, tmp_char3);
// count
// print payload string
Serial.println(tmp_string);
//Convert char* to uint8_t
memcpy (mydata, tmp_string, strlen(tmp_string)+1 );
// Prepare upstream data transmission at the next possible time.
LMIC_setTxData2(1, mydata, sizeof(mydata)-1, 0);
Serial.println(F("Packet queued"));
}
// Next TX is scheduled after TX_COMPLETE event.
}
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println(F("Starting"));
#ifdef VCC_ENABLE
For Pinoccio Scout boards
pinMode(VCC_ENABLE, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(VCC_ENABLE, HIGH);
delay(1000);
#endif
// GPS
mySerial.begin(9600);
// LMIC init
os_init();
// Reset the MAC state. Session and pending data transfers will be discarded.
LMIC_reset();
// Set static session parameters. Instead of dynamically establishing a session
// by joining the network, precomputed session parameters are be provided.
#ifdef PROGMEM
// On AVR, these values are stored in flash and only copied to RAM
// once. Copy them to a temporary buffer here, LMIC_setSession will
// copy them into a buffer of its own again.
uint8_t appskey[sizeof(APPSKEY)];
uint8_t nwkskey[sizeof(NWKSKEY)];
memcpy_P(appskey, APPSKEY, sizeof(APPSKEY));
memcpy_P(nwkskey, NWKSKEY, sizeof(NWKSKEY));
LMIC_setSession (0x1, DEVADDR, nwkskey, appskey);
#else
// If not running an AVR with PROGMEM, just use the arrays directly
LMIC_setSession (0x1, DEVADDR, NWKSKEY, APPSKEY);
#endif
#if defined(CFG_eu868)
// Set up the channels used by the Things Network, which corresponds
// to the defaults of most gateways. Without this, only three base
// channels from the LoRaWAN specification are used, which certainly
// works, so it is good for debugging, but can overload those
// frequencies, so be sure to configure the full frequency range of
// your network here (unless your network autoconfigures them).
// Setting up channels should happen after LMIC_setSession, as that
// configures the minimal channel set.
// NA-US channels 0-71 are configured automatically
LMIC_setupChannel(0, 923200000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band
LMIC_setupChannel(1, 923400000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7B), BAND_CENTI); // g-band
LMIC_setupChannel(2, 923600000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band
LMIC_setupChannel(3, 923800000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band
LMIC_setupChannel(4, 924000000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band
LMIC_setupChannel(5, 924200000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band
LMIC_setupChannel(6, 924400000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band
LMIC_setupChannel(7, 924600000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band
LMIC_setupChannel(8, 924800000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_FSK, DR_FSK), BAND_MILLI); // g2-band
// TTN defines an additional channel at 869.525Mhz using SF9 for class B
// devices' ping slots. LMIC does not have an easy way to define set this
// frequency and support for class B is spotty and untested, so this
// frequency is not configured here.
#elif defined(CFG_us915)
// NA-US channels 0-71 are configured automatically
// but only one group of 8 should (a subband) should be active
// TTN recommends the second sub band, 1 in a zero based count.
// https://github.com/TheThingsNetwork/gateway-conf/blob/master/US-global_conf.json
LMIC_selectSubBand(0);
#endif
// Disable link check validation
LMIC_setLinkCheckMode(0);
// TTN uses SF9 for its RX2 window.
LMIC.dn2Dr = DR_SF9;
// Set data rate and transmit power for uplink (note: txpow seems to be ignored by the library)
LMIC_setDrTxpow(DR_SF7,14);
// Start job
do_send(&sendjob);
}
void loop()
{
os_runloop_once();
}
//GPS
void printFloat(double number, int digits)
{
// Handle negative numbers
if (number < 0.0)
{
Serial.print('-');
number = -number;
}
// Round correctly so that print(1.999, 2) prints as "2.00"
double rounding = 0.5;
for (uint8_t i=0; i<digits; ++i)
rounding /= 10.0;
number += rounding;
// Extract the integer part of the number and print it
unsigned long int_part = (unsigned long)number;
double remainder = number - (double)int_part;
Serial.print(int_part);
// Print the decimal point, but only if there are digits beyond
if (digits > 0)
Serial.print(".");
// Extract digits from the remainder one at a time
while (digits-- > 0)
{
remainder *= 10.0;
int toPrint = int(remainder);
Serial.print(toPrint);
remainder -= toPrint;
}
}