RAK3172 is not getting registered as end device

suchitran · June 29, 2023, 7:29am

We are using a RAK3172 on a custom PCB where we are using RAK3172 module as an end device and trying to register it on the TTNv3. After following the example thoroughly from starting to end as shown here

I am getting this error in YAT terminal after successfully booting and uploading the firmware(.bin file) in RAK3172 module.

YAT no rx output

Few points:

The Reset pin is pulled up to VDD by a 10k resistor.
In the se-identity.h file I have set the LORAWAN_APP_KEY same as AppKey in TTNv3 console which is generated in the console itself.
I have set the LORAWAN_NWK_KEY and LORAWAN_NWK_S_KEY as default which is 2B,7E,15,16,28, AE, D2, A6, AB, F7,15,88,09, CF,4F,3C and LORAWAN_APP_S_KEY same as LORAWAN_APP_KEY.

What is the key point that we are missing?

suchitran · July 3, 2023, 9:41am

So, I was having some UART issues due to firmware, I installed the factory firmware (this one) and now the module is working perfectly.

But it is not getting registered on TTSv3 console as end device. As I am sending AT+JOIN it is returning JOIN_FAILED_RX_TIMEOUT error. I have set AT+JOIN = 1:0:8:10

The parameters that I have set for the module are
AT+CLASS=A
AT+NJM=1
AT+CFM=0
AT+RETY=3
AT+BAND=3
AT+DR=0
AT+ADR=0
I am using Dragino LPS8 as gateway.

This is the LoRa log of the gateway

[UPSTREAM]

RF packets received by concentrator: 2

CRC_OK: 50.00%, CRC_FAIL: 50.00%, NO_CRC: 0.00%

RF packets forwarded: 1 (23 bytes)

PUSH_DATA datagrams sent: 1 (242 bytes)

PUSH_DATA acknowledged: 0.00%

[DOWNSTREAM]

PULL_DATA sent: 1 (100.00% acknowledged)

PULL_RESP(onse) datagrams received: 0 (0 bytes)

RF packets sent to concentrator: 0 (0 bytes)

TX errors: 0

BEACON queued: 0

BEACON sent so far: 0

BEACON rejected: 0

[PPS]

SX1301 time (PPS): 833303264

What could be the possible issue?

Jeff-UK · July 3, 2023, 11:10am

High CRC failure rate - how close are your node & GW? What RSSI values do you see in console? Too close and they risk channel bleed and saturation (Forum Search is your fried! )

suchitran · July 3, 2023, 11:36am

The node and GW are about 1m apart, should I put them far?
In console no RSSI is showing, though after checking the RSSI value through AT command it is coming out to be 0
AT+RSSI=0

Jeff-UK · July 3, 2023, 11:49am

What does forum search tell you!!! Please use this valuable resource to help resolve your issues.

This is an issue that comes up very frequently. Look on the TTN GW console page and see what levels you are getting. We guide to have <-65dbi ideally <-75dbi but depending on devices used and individual circumstances normally we say get in the range <-50 to -110 as otherwise you risk having to not only debug your devices but also the risks associated with RF signals that are too high or too low. Often those who know and regularly work with the tech can push high limits but you need to be able to judge what you are seeing and why and clearly you are still early in your LoRaWAN engagements. Typically we say min 3m with none aligned antennae and best 8-10m with an absorber inbetween - a wall or thicker window etc…

Good luck!

suchitran · July 3, 2023, 11:53am

Ok. let me thoroughly search the forum and I’ll update the status. Thank you, Jeff.

suchitran · July 11, 2023, 8:09am

Hello, I did some forum search and understood that the gateway was too close to node, so I moved them a bit and now this is the new Logread RxTXJson of the gateway

{"stat":{"time":"2023-07-11 07:59:33 UTC","rxnb":3,"rxok":3,"rxfw":3,"ackr":0.0,"dwnb":0,"txnb":0}}

{"rxpk":[{"tmst":2011132180,"time":"2023-07-11T07:59:39.386365Z","chan":1,"rfch":0,"freq":865.402500,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF12BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.0,"rssi":-97,"size":23,"data":"ABERERERERERDlcH/v8JH6zAC8Gc5dc="}]}

{"rxpk":[{"tmst":2021138292,"time":"2023-07-11T07:59:49.389308Z","chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":865.062500,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF12BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.0,"rssi":-94,"size":23,"data":"ABERERERERERDlcH/v8JH6xdIqbNBbk="}]}

{"rxpk":[{"tmst":2031144396,"time":"2023-07-11T07:59:59.402519Z","chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":865.062500,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF12BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":8.5,"rssi":-99,"size":23,"data":"ABERERERERERDlcH/v8JH6yFu+1nLvU="}]}

{"stat":{"time":"2023-07-11 08:00:03 UTC","rxnb":4,"rxok":3,"rxfw":3,"ackr":0.0,"dwnb":0,"txnb":0}}

{"rxpk":[{"tmst":2041150500,"time":"2023-07-11T08:00:09.406225Z","chan":0,"rfch":0,"freq":865.062500,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF12BW125","codr":"4/5","lsnr":9.5,"rssi":-97,"size":23,"data":"ABERERERERERDlcH/v8JH6xLFNF20fg="}]}

and the Logread report is

################## Report at: 2023-07-11 07:59:33 UTC ##################

### [UPSTREAM] ###

# RF packets received by concentrator: 3

# CRC_OK: 100.00%, CRC_FAIL: 0.00%, NO_CRC: 0.00%

# RF packets forwarded: 3 (69 bytes)

# PUSH_DATA datagrams sent: 3 (732 bytes)

# PUSH_DATA acknowledged: 0.00%

### [DOWNSTREAM] ###

# PULL_DATA sent: 1 (100.00% acknowledged)

# PULL_RESP(onse) datagrams received: 0 (0 bytes)

# RF packets sent to concentrator: 0 (0 bytes)

# TX errors: 0

# BEACON queued: 0

# BEACON sent so far: 0

# BEACON rejected: 0

### [PPS] ###

# SX1301 time (PPS): 1983469783

################## Report at: 2023-07-11 08:00:03 UTC ##################

### [UPSTREAM] ###

# RF packets received by concentrator: 4

# CRC_OK: 75.00%, CRC_FAIL: 25.00%, NO_CRC: 0.00%

# RF packets forwarded: 3 (69 bytes)

# PUSH_DATA datagrams sent: 3 (732 bytes)

# PUSH_DATA acknowledged: 0.00%

### [DOWNSTREAM] ###

# PULL_DATA sent: 1 (100.00% acknowledged)

# PULL_RESP(onse) datagrams received: 0 (0 bytes)

# RF packets sent to concentrator: 0 (0 bytes)

# TX errors: 0

# BEACON queued: 0

# BEACON sent so far: 0

# BEACON rejected: 0

### [PPS] ###

# SX1301 time (PPS): 1983469783

Is 25% failed CRC too much?
The YAT terminal is same as before

100s093:VDDA: 254
100s093:temp: 23
100s097:TX on freq 865402500 Hz at DR 0
101s582:MAC txDone
106s606:RX_1 on freq 865402500 Hz at DR 0
106s803:IRQ_RX_TX_TIMEOUT
106s803:MAC rxTimeOut
107s569:RX_2 on freq 866550000 Hz at DR 2
107s635:IRQ_RX_TX_TIMEOUT
107s635:MAC rxTimeOut

###### = JOIN FAILED
110s100:VDDA: 254
110s100:temp: 23
110s104:TX on freq 865402500 Hz at DR 0
111s588:MAC txDone
116s613:RX_1 on freq 865402500 Hz at DR 0
116s810:IRQ_RX_TX_TIMEOUT
116s810:MAC rxTimeOut
117s576:RX_2 on freq 866550000 Hz at DR 2
117s642:IRQ_RX_TX_TIMEOUT
117s642:MAC rxTimeOut

###### = JOIN FAILED

And I could not find any detailed discussion or documentation about CRC failure of LoRa, where I can find some? Thank You.